Supervisory control system



1937. H. P. BOSWAU 2, 9 ,3

SUPERVISORY CONTROL SYSTEM Filed July 3, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 MASTER CONTROL BY INVENTOR Hans PBoswau.

m3 n-roRNEY Aug. 31, 1937. I H. P. BOSWAU SUPERVISOR! CONTROL SYSTEM Filed July 3, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Direc} ,oosii-zge connechon Pasz'fire connection f/Imqy/v armature 228 INVENTOR Hans PBos vau.

ATTORNEY.

Aug. 31, 1937. H. P. BOSWAU SUPERVISORY CONTROL SgSTEM Filed July 3, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 BREAKER TRIP TO IND/(EATING CLOSE Cl/PCU/ 7' E/PE/J/(Ef? AUX SW.

TO/NDIcAT/NG LAMPS INVENTOR Hans PBoswau.

ATTdRNE'Y SUPERVISORY CONTROL SYSTEM Filed July 5, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR Hans P Bosrvaa.

ATTOIRNEIY Patented Aug 31, 1937 PATENT OFFICE SUPERVISORY CONTROL SYSTEM Hans P. Boswau, Gallon, Ohio, assignor to The North Electric Manufacturing Company,

Galion, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application July 3, 1931, Serial N0. 548,595

35 Claims.

My invention relates to signalling systems and more particularly to apparatus for and methods of operating supervisory control systems.

An extremely important item of cost in the supervisory control systems is the number of signalling lines which are necessary for satisfactory operation. Heretofore it has been generally regarded necessary to provide more than one signalling channel between the main station and the substation such as a control line, a superjvisory line, a drive or synchronizing line and a common return, making a total of four conductors. This has been particularly regarded necessary in those systems where visual indication of the remote selection and operation is desired.

I have discovered that visual supervisory indication, both of selection and operation, as well as direct control and synchronization, may all be obtained over a single signalling circuit Accordingly, an object of my invention is to provide a novel supervisory control system in which a single signalling channel or circuit is employed for remote synchronous selection, checking of selection, direct operation, and visual supervision of remotely disposed apparatus units.

Still a further object of my invention is to provide novel and improved apparatus for and methods of supervisory control.

In addition to the reduction of cost of the supervisory control system by decreasing the number of lines, it is also desirable to reduce the cost of the selecting equipment. Where, however, a maximum of safeguarding against inaccurate operation is desired, the amount of selecting apparatus increases enormously. Increase in the amount of apparatus means increased complications and added dangers of breakdown, thus, to a degree, defeating the very purpose of the additional selecting apparatus.

Accordingly, a further object of my invention is to provide novel signalling circuits whereby the synchronous selection of remotely disposed apparatus units, the checking of the selection operation, control of the selected units, and supervis on of the operated selected unit, are all performed by a common set of selecting apparatus.

Still a further object of my invention is to provide simplified common equipment for selecting remotely disposed apparatus units, checking the selection, operating the selecting unit by a code, and supervising the operating unit.

Still another object of my invention is to provide novel selecting apparatus and circuit arrangements for switching the function of the selecting apparatus successively to select, check the selection, control and supervise apparatus units.

A further object is to provide in one embodiment of my invention novel circuit arrangements including normally energized line relays for controlling the operation of the selecting apparatus.

A still further object of my invention is to provide novel circuit arrangements in a supervisory control system for automatically resetting the system to a normal condition when any point selection fails to check.

Another object of my invention is to provide novel circuit arrangements in a supervisory control system for automatically resetting the apparatus to normal in they event that the onice battery is lost, either momentarily or for an extended 'period of time.

Still a further object of my invention is to provide means for automatically checking all selecting points in the event that the battery is lost either at the office or substations or both.

Still another object of my invention is to provide means whereby the selecting apparatus is non-responsive to any impulses other than the regular signalling impulses.

Another object of my invention is to provide novel protective means against false operations or indications when the batteries at either station are interrupted rapidly, simulating impulses.

Still a further object of my invention is to provide means in a supervisory control system which is not equipped with finder switches for preventing loss of signals by reason of simultaneous operation of a. sender at a substation or the oflice or by simultaneous operation of more than one circuit breaker.

Another object of my invention is to provide novel means against loss of signals when the oflice and substation start simultaneously.

Still a further object of my invention is to provide novel circuit arrangements which prevent supervisory indications when either the battery at the oflice or substation fails during the sending of impulses or in the event that the line opens.

There are other objects of my invention, which,

together with the foregoing objects, will appear and then presses a non-locking push button. The

key and push buttons are individual to the control point selected. This causes the ultimate operation of the relay means associated with that point, which relay means determine the code to be transmitted to the remote station.

The codes comprise a plurality of series of impulses, one series of impulses functioning to 'In response to this point selection checking select the particular point or breaker to be operated.

Following the transmission of the point selecting impulses, a point selecting relay individual to the particular circuit breaker to be operated is energized and it, as a result, provides certain connections between the circuit breaker selected and the master control circuits. As soon as this point selecting relay is energized, a series of point selecting checking impulses are transmitted back to the dispatching ofiice. In response to these impulses, a point selecting checking relay at the office is energized, and, as a result, the control and supervisory circuits of the selected circuit breaker are connected to the master circuits.

When the point checking relay at the oilice has been energized, the code transmitting relays at the office which have been transmitting the series of impulses, as described above, are released from further operation. The dispatcher is advised of the proper selection at the substation and of the successful check of this selection by the lighting of a check lamp associated with the selected binations of impulses, the selected breaker is operated from its tripped to its closed position. As a result, contacts on the circuit breaker auxiliary switch complete a circuit for operating the code transmitting means at the substation for transmitting a code combination of impulses to the office in accordance with the new condition of the circuit breaker. At the office, code responsive means are operated in response to this code combination of impulses to in turn operate a lamp relay which will indicate that the circuit breaker has been closed.

Following the receipt of the supervisory signal indicating the new condition of the breaker, a special impulse is automatically transmitted from the oflice, difiering in character from the signalling impulses and, in response to this special impulse, the equipment, at the office and substations is restored to normal condition. In the particular embodiment of my invention which I have illustrated in the drawings, I employ a specially long impulse for this purpose although it will be understood that any other special impulse may be used.

. In the event that a circuit breaker is automatically tripped from its closed to its open position, a series of code combinations of impulse conditions is transmitted from the substation at which tlie circuit breaker is located to the dispatching oiiice. The first code combination of impulses transmitted from the substation to the dispatching ofiice is in accordance with the Pitigilar breaker "whiclihgs tripped an; tthe point selection check code combinatio'rilstransff mitted back to the substation.

code combination, a circuit is set up at the sub: station for associating the operated circuit t. M er with the signal circuit or channel. At this time the individual supervisory relay at the oflice has 'alsdbfie'ifassociated with thissamephannel glrs ponse to the operatiori'"o'ftli poifit selecting"rlay. M

'A' cfiie combination of impulses is now transmitted from the transmitting equipment contrcgled by the circuit breaker in accordance with -thaconfifion..ett nib ea lheQfl In sponse to this received code combination of impulsecohditiohs, the supervisory relay is operated "to indicate the new condition of the breaker. As, in the case of the operation of the circuit brea ,a-r

Tigedlspatcherj following the operation of the supervisoryrelaya special impulse is transmitted from the officej similar in character to the "previous combination impulse for restoring the selected apparatus to normal.

Referrirg to the drawings:

Figure l is a circuit diagram of the individual equipment and selecting relays at the oflice.

Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the common equipmerit of the ofiice.

Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the individual equipment and selecting relays at the substation;

and-

Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the common equipment at the substation.

In Figure l, I have disclosed diagrammatically the apparatus which, in practice, is located or. the dispatcher's control panel in the office and which comprises a common or master equipment and the equipment individual to each apparatus. The master equipments, which are designated on the drawings according to their individual functions, include the master control key IOI which is of the push-non-lock type and is designated master control key. This key when depressed, applies battery at its closed contacts to the operation control circuit. Afterthe desired apparatus has been selected, the master control key is, as will be hereinafter described, momentarily depressed.

The release key I03 is a non-lock type key designated release key. This key is associated with a light alarm I04 and bell alarm I05 and also functions to control the release of all of the relay equipment, as will appear hereinafter.

When an automatic trip operation occurs, the alarm light I04 and the alarm bell I05 are energized to notify the dispatcher that an operation is being reported and the bell will continue to give an alarm until the release key is momentarily depressed. After the dispatcher observes the operation that has taken place, he momentarily depresses the release key I03 which releases the alarm circuit.

A lamp I 06 is also provided to indicate that code sending has been initiated from the oflice while the lamp I04 indicates code sending initiated from the substation.

The individual equipment required for each control point is, in practice, mounted upon key top of each key plate to allow the dispatcher to designate the various key plates as desired.

For each point equipment for control and supervision, the individual equipment supplied ins cludes one individual control key such, for example, as I I which is of the twist type and which remains in whichever position it is placed. The setting of his control key determines what operation is to be performed on the selected remote l0 substation device.

One large red supervisory lamp I09 is provided which, when illuminated indicates that the associated unit at the substation is in its closed position. One large green supervisory lamp H3 is provided which, when illuminated, indicates that the associated unit at the substation is in its open position. A small white and black dot guard lamp I08 is provided which is illuminated when the setting of the individual control key such as H0 disagrees with the position of the associated unit at the distant station; that is, assuming that the dispatcher has operated the individual control key to the closed position, as a result of which the breaker has closed, but that, thereafter,

- the breaker opens automatically due to the operation of protective devices at the remote station, the disagreement lamp will glow.

Thus the guard lamp I08 is illuminated in addition to the green supervisory lamp II3 to indicate to the dispatcher that an automatic operation has occurred at the substation and that, accordingly, the setting of the control key and individual lamp do not agree. This is necessary in order to prevent unexpected remote operation,

in the event that the selection of a remote unit is made and the dispatcher fails to note that the individual control key position does not agree with the condition of the unit. A check lamp I0! is also provided, which is illuminated when the relay chain has completed the operation of the point selecting relays at the office and distant station. These check lamps are energized under control of the selection relays at the dispatchers oflice.

The individual point equipment is the same for each of the other points, except that for these points equipped for supervision only, no control key or guard lamp are provided.

The individual equipment is also provided with a point operate key I I4, which is a push-non-lock type of key. This key, upon being depressed, controls the individual point relay I29 (to be described hereinafter) to start the apparatus and determine the selection code to be sent. Depression of this key also controls energization of relay 2I6 (to be described hereinafter) for enabling the apparatus to distinguish between operations started by this key from operations started from any other cause. In the former case, the apparatus stops at a selected position until the master key is depressed. In the latter case, the apparatus goes through'a verifying operation. Associated with the common control equipment at the office, is a relay I2I which, as will appear hereinafter, is energized.when a supervisory signal is received in response to an automatic operation at the substation and operates the alarm bell I05 and (green)'alarm lamp I04, thus advising the dispatcher that a supervisory signal is being received. Relay I32, also part of the common equipment, is energized following the receipt cf a supervisory signal to prepare the final operation circuits for the supervisory lamps.

The supervisory lamps are controlled by the supervisory receiving relay I20 which is energized or de-energized in response to received supervisory signals under control of the supervisory receiving relay I33 which functions as a point selecting relay and associates the common equipment with a particular point. Relay I29 controls the starting of the system into operation, in response to the depressing of control key H0, and furthermore determines the selection code to be sent. It also controls the operation control circuit of control key I I0.

Relays I39 to I43 are arranged, as will appear in more detail hereinafter, to function successively as selecting relays to make a point selection; to check the selections made at the remote station; to control the transmissionof an operation control code to close or trip the selected breaker and to operate the lamp relay I28. In this same group of selecting relays there is provided a dummy selecting relay I38 which prevents an incorrect selection by reason of a single erroneous impulse being transmitted. Relays I35 to I31 energize in sequence and in series with the relays I30 to I43 to control the successive energization of these latter relaysand to prevent simultaneous operation of any two selecting relays durlng a selecting operation.

In Figure 2, the relay 200 is the line relay which, in this embodiment of my invention, is normally energized over the signalling line. The intermittent energization and de-energization of this relay is controlled by relay 20I, the operation of which may be controlled by various means, as will appear hereinafter.

Cir

Relay 200 controls the energizing circuitfor the slow-to-release relay 202 which, when once energized, remains energized during the intermittent energization and de-energization of relay 200 and will de-energize only if relay 200 remains de-energized for a predetermined period. Relay 202, in this manner, releases the selecting apparatus to restore it to normal at the end of the signalling period. I p

Relay 203 functions to switch the selecting apparatus from reception to transmission of the selecting impulses. When the sending of the point selecting code is completed, as will appear hereinafter, relay 2I2 is energized to in turn open the energizing circuit for the relay 203.

Relay 204, during the transmission of impulses, is intermittently energized and de-energized in an interlocking circuit with relay 200, to control the intermittent energization and de-energization of relay 20I' as the relay 200 energizes and deenergizes.

When the check code is to be received following a remote selection, relay 201 is energized to in turn energize the relays 208 and 209. to prepare the dispatchers equipment to receive the check code. At the end of the receipt of the check code, relay 2 energizes in conjunction with the point selecting relay I33 to prepare the circuits for the transmission of the operation control code to operate the selected apparatus unit. With this relay energized, the selecting relays I39 to I43 function to transmit the operation control code.

Relay 2I8 energizes in response to the depression of a point operate control key to start the apparatus into operation by energizing the sending relay 203. This relay functions in cooperation with relay 2I6 which is directly controlled by the point control key. Relay 2I5 is energized under control of the master control key for controlling the transmission of the operation control code. i

Relay 2 I4 is energized at the end of a complete cycle of operations to start restoration of the set to normal.

Relay 2l3is normally energized and is deener gized only when the battery is interrupted. Thereafter it functions to restore the apparatus at both ends to'normal.

The operations for sending a signal to the dispatcher to designate the automatic operation of a device at the remote station are similar to the operations initiated by the dispatcher for such operation, except that in the case of an automatic operation, the operations are initiated electrically through auxiliary contacts on the circuit breaker itself. In such instances, the dispatcher, in addition to receiving a bell signal, notes the change in lamp indication which shows which device on the system is operated. If a certain device is in the closed position, the red lamp associated with that particular device would be illuminated; opening of the device would extinguish the red lamp and light the green lamp and also the guard lamp.

Examples of the apparatus units to be selectively controlled and supervised from the ofiice are diagrammatically illustrated together with their common equipment in Figure 3. The trip circuit breaker magnet M6 and the closed circuit breaker magnet 3H are provided for a breaker Similarly, a trip magnet 3l3 and closed magnet 320 are provided for a second individual breaker. Auxiliary switching mechanism associated with each breaker are illustrated at 3l8 and 32l. These control individual slow magnets 3| 2 and M4, respectively, which in turn control the starting of the supervisory operations and the transmission of supervisory signals, in a manner to be described in detail hereinafter, through gill; operation of their associated relays 3H and Relays 309 and 3l0 are the code control operating relays operating in response to a control operation from the oflice for selectively operating their associated trip circuit breaker magnets and closed circuit breaker magnets.

Relays 303 to 308 are arranged, as will appear in more detail hereinafter, to be energized successively to make a point selection in response to signals received from the oflice to transmit back to the oflice a check code indicating-the selection made at the offlce to transmit to the oflice a code to make a supervisory selection in response to a supervisory operation at the substation and to control the transmissionof supervisory signals in response to the operation of the breaker. These relays, as will appear hereinafter, operate in synchronism with relays I38 to I43.

In this same group of selecting relays, there is provided a dummy selecting relay 303 which prevents an incorrect selection by reason of a single erroneous impulse being transmitted. Relays 300 to 302 energize in sequence and in series with relays 303 to 308 to control the successive energization of these latter relays and to prevent simultaneous operation of any two selecting relays during the selecting operation.

In Figure 4 the relay 400 is the line relay which in this embodiment of my invention is normally energized over the signalling line 223 extending from the oflice to the substation. The intermittent energization and deenergization of this relay is controlled by the relay 4!, the operation of which may be controlled by various means, as will appear hereinafter. Relay 400 controls the energizing circuit for the slow to release relay 402 which once energized remains energized during the intermittent energization and deenergization of relay 400 and will deenergize only if relay 400 remains deenergized for a predetermined period. Relay 402 in this manner releases the selecting apparatus to restore it to normal at the end of a signalling period.

Relay 403 functions to switch the selecting apparatus from reception to transmission of the selecting impulses when the sending of the point selecting code, following asupervisory operation is completed, as will appear hereinafter. Relay 4l2 controls the energizing circuit for the relay 403.

Relay 404, during the transmission of impulses is intermittently energized and deenergized in an interlocking circuit with the relay 400 to control the intermittent energization and deenergization of relay 40!, as the relay 400 energizes and deenergizes. When the check code is to be received following a remote selection, relay 401 is energized to in turn energize relays 408 and 409. At the end of the receipt of the check code, relay 4 is energized in conjunction with the point selection relay to prepare the circuits for the transmission of a supervisory operating code.

Relay 4! energizes in response to the energization of relay 303 following the receipt of the first selecting impulse from the ofllce, and operates in conjunction with relay 6. At armature 435, this relay controls an energizing circuit for the relay 4|! which is in turn controlled by the individual equipment of the apparatus units at the substation.

In order to make the invention clear, the following detailed description of operations is given:

Normally, an energizing circuit extends from positive battery at the substation over the line conductor 2|9 to the front contact, and armature 220 of relay 2l3, conductor 22l, armature 222 and its back contact, to the winding of relay 200, over the line conductor 223 extending to the re mote substation, the armature 4H! and its back. contact, through the winding of the relay 400, to

negative battery.

It will be noted, that this energizing circuit 'over the armature 225 of the relay H4 is completed for the relay 2 l 3 which, upon energization, locks itself over the front contact and armature 226. Relay2 I 3,thereafter, remains energized until the oflice battery is lost, as will be explained in more detail hereinafter.

As a result of the energization of the relay 200 over the circuit above traced, an obvious energizing circuit over armature 221 is completed for the relay 202, which, upon energization, opens the energizing circuit for the slow relay 211 at armature 228.

At the substation, as a result of the energization of relay 400, an energizing circuit is completed for the relay 402 at armature 420. Relays 202 and 402 control the reset circuits at armatures 228 and 42!, respectively. This will be explained in detail hereinafter.

iii

It will be noted from the foregoing that, with the system in its normal condition, relays 200,

202 and 2I3 at the omoe and relays 400 and 402 at the substation are energized. As will appear 5 hereinafter, the individual point relays such as I29 and I3I at the office and relays 3H and 3I3 at the substation are also normally energized,

while the lamp relays such as I28 and I30 at the omce and the supervisory relays such as 3I2 and 3I4 at the substation may either be energized or de-energized, depending upon the position of their associated circuit breakers.

In order to explain the operations which occur when either the dispatcher desires to close a circuit-breaker or a breaker in the substation is automatically operated, and a signal indicating such operation is to be received at the omce; the control and supervisory operations which occur in response to these conditions, will now be described.

It will be assumed that the dispatcher desires to operate the breaker at selecting point 4 to a closed position. To this'end the operator will move the control key at I20, which is 5 now shown in the trip" position, to its alterhate close position, at which the contacts I2I and I22 engage their inner contacts. The dispatcher will also momentarily operate the point operate key I24.

As a result of the depression of operate key I24, an energizing circuit is completed for the relay 2I6 from negative battery through the winding of the relay 2I6 over the armature 233 of relay 2I1 and its back contact, the armature 35 234 of relay 2I8 and its back contact, a conductor 235 to the lower contact I25 of point operate key I24, to positive battery. Relay 2; energizes and locks itself over the front contact and its armature 236.

The relay I3I, due to some previous operation, is at this time looked over its armature I 44, as will be more clearly set forth hereinafter. When the point operate key I24 is momentarily operated, the winding circuit for the relay I3I is shunted down over a circuit including the conductor I4I, contact I26 of point operate key I24, conductor I46, the back contact and armature 229 of relay 2I8, back contact and armature 230 of relay 2I1, back contact and armature 23I of relay 208, and back contact and armature 232 of relay 2I I, to positive battery.

As a result of the de-energization of relay I3I, an energizing circuit is completed for the relay 2I8 from negative battery over armature I44 of 55 relay I 3| and its back contact, conductor I41,

through the winding of the relay 2I8, the back contact and armature'231 of relay 2 I1, to the back contact and armature 238 of relay 2I I, to

positive battery. At this time, the point oper- 60 ate key which was just momentarily closed, as indicated above, is released and the contacts opened, as shown.

A result of the energization of relay 2I8 is to complete an energizing circuit for the relay 203 from negative battery through the winding of the relay 203, conductor 239, over the back contact and armature 240 of relay 209, over the front contact and armature 24I of relay 2I8, and the.back contact and armature 242 of relay 2I2, to positive battery.

A further result of the energization of relay H8 is to open any possible shunting circuit for point relays such as, relays I29 and 'I3I at armature 229, so that these point relays can now no longer be de-energized until the completion of all the operations, as will be clearer from the description hereinafter. At armature 234, the original energizing circuit for the relay 2I0 is also opened, but this relay is now locked over its armature 236 and is accordingly unaffected at this time. The purpose of opening the original energizing circuit of relay 2I6 is to prevent its energization by accidentally depressing a point operate key such as I24 while the system is functioning to indicate an automatic operation of a circuit breaker.

As a result of the energization of relay 203, an energizing circuit is completed for the relay 20I from negative battery through the winding of relay 20I, over conductor 243, armature and back contact 244 of relay 2I4, armature 245 of relay 204 and its back contact, and the front contact and armature 246 of relay 203, to positive battery.

The energization of relay 20I opens the normal holding circuit for the relays 200 and 400 at the o-flice and substation, respectively, as traced hereinbefore, and these relays are accordingly deenergized.

At the ofiice, the result of the lie-energization of relay 200 is to complete an energizing circuit for the relay 204 over the front contact and armature 241 of relay 203, the front contact and armature 248 of relay 202, and the back contact and armature 221 of relay 200, to positive battery; this circuit being completed immediately after the de-energization of relay 200 and before the de-energization of slow relay 202, the circuit of which is momentarily opened.

An energizing circuit is completed for relay 205 in multiple with the circuit traced above for the relay 204.

A third multiple circuit extending from the positive battery at armature 221 of relay 200 is completed over conductor 249, armature 250 of relay 206 and its back contact, armature I48 of relay I and its back contact, armature I49 of relay I36 and its back contact, armature I50 of relay I31 and its back contact, through the winding of the relay I38, to negative battery.

Before explaining the further operations at the office, the operations which occur at the substation as a result of the de-energization of relay 400 will now be explained. I

As a first result of the de-energization of relay 400, an energizing circuit is completed for the relay 401 from .negative battery through the winding of the relay 401, back contact and arma ture 422 of relay 405, back contact and armature 423 of relay 403, front contact and armature 424 of relay 402, and the back contact and armature 420 of relay 400, to positive battery, this circuit being completed after the de-energization of relay 400 and before the slow relay 402 has time to de-energize and permit its armature 424 to disengage its front contact.

In multiple with this circuit, an energizing circuit extends over the conductor 425, armature 426 and its back contact, armature 322 and its back contact, armature 323 and its back contact, armature 324 and its back contact, and through the winding of the relay 303, to negative battery.

-As a result of the energization of the relay 401, as described above, an obvious energizing circuit is completed for the relay 408 over armature 421, and at armature 428, an energizing circuit is completed for the relay 409 from positive battery over the armature 428 and its front contact, conductor 429, armature 430 of relay 403 and its back contact, conductor 43I and through Slow relay 409 energizes and at its armature 432 completes an energizing circuit for the slow relay M0, for a purpose to be described hereinafter.

As a result of the energization of relay 303 as described above, an energizing circuit is completed over its armature 325, conductor 326, to the relay 4I8 which upon energization locks itself over its armature 435, and opens the circuit of the substation start relay M1 to prevent the operation of this relay while the dispatcher performs an operation.

It will be recalled that, at the oflice, the relay I was energized to in turn open the energizing circuit of the line relays 200 and 400 when relay 203 was energized. One of the results, however, of the energization of relay 203 was to pre- 20 pare an energizing circuit for the relay 204 so that, when the line relay 200 was de-energized in the manner described above, relay 204 immediately energized and at its armature 245 opened the energizing circuit traced above for the relay 20L It will be noted from the above description, that there is here provided a complete cycle of ,operations for intermittently energizing and deenergizing the line relays 200 and 400. This cycle comprises operations controlled by relays 20I and 204. Energization of relay 20I causes the deenergization of relay 200 which in turn energizes the relay 204 and the relay 204 thereupon deenergizes the relay 20I. Relay 20I, upon deenergization, in turn recloses the energizing circuit for the relay 200.

Relay 200, upon energization, opens the energizing circuit of relay 204 which, upon de-energization, recloses the energizing circuit of the relay 20I and it, in turn, de-energizes relay 200 to repeat this cycle. In this manner, relays 200 and 400 at the oflice and substation, respectively, are intermittently energized and de-energized, the number of energizations and de-energizations being controlled in accordance with the selecting point operate key which has been operated.

It will be noted that the relays 20I and 204 are both slow-to-de-energize relays so as to provide suflicient time intervals for the impulses to insure accurate stepping operations. Relay 205, however, which is energized in multiple with relay 204, is considerably slower to de-energize than relay 204, due to a larger amount of copper around its core, and, consequently, it remains energized during the intermittent energizations and de-energizations of relay 204.

As the relays 200 and 400 intermittently energize and de-energize, they operate selecting relays, as will now be described.

It will be recalled, that relay I38 was energized upon the first de-energization of the relay 200. When now the relay 200 energizes again immediately after its first de-energization, an energizing circuit for relay I31, in series with the relay I38, is completed. This circuit extends from negative battery, through the winding of the relay I38, its armature I5I and its front contact, through the winding of therelay I31, back contact and armature I52 of relay I36, conductor I53 and armature 250 of relay 203 and its front contact, to positive battery.

Similarly it will be recalled that-at the substation, the relay 303 was energized upon the first deenergization of relay 400 and, when the relay 400 now is again energized, relay 302 is energized in series with the relay 303 over a. circuit from negative battery through the winding of the relay 303, its armature 321 and its front contact, conductor 328, through the winding of the relay 302, back contact and armature 329 of relay 30I, conductor 429, and front contact and armature 420 of relay 401 to positive battery.

At the ofiice, relay 204 tie-energizes and relay 20I thereupon energizes and relays 200 and 400 again deenergize a second time, as explained above. Relay 204 again energizes and the first selecting relay I39 for the first selecting point now energizes over a circuit from negative battery through the winding of the relay I39, front contact and armature I54 of relay I38, front contact and armature I50 of relay I31, back contact and armature I49 of relay I36, back contact and armature I48 of relay I35, back contact and armature 250 of relay 206, conductor 249, front contact and armature 248 of relay 202, and back contact and armature 221 of relay 200, to positive battery.

At the substation, relay 304 now energizes over a circuit from negative battery through the winding of the relay 304, the front contact 'and armature 330, front contact and armature 324, back contact and armature 323, back contact and armature 322, back contact and .armature 426, conductor 425, front contact and armature 424, and back contact and armature 420, to positive battery.

Relays 200 and 400 now energize again and upon the energization of the relay 200, relay I36 energizes in series with relay I39 over a circuit from negative battery through the winding of the relay I39, the armature I56 and its front contact, through the winding of the relay I36, back contact and armature I51, conductor I53, armature 250 and its front contact, to positive battery.

Energization of the relay I36 opens the series energizing circuit for relays I31 and I38, traced above, at armature I52 and these relays accordingly de-energize.

When now relay 400 is energized, relay 30l energizes in series with relay 304 over the back contact and armature 33I, and its circuit traced over conductor 429 to the armature 428 of relay 401. Upon the energization of relay 30I the series energizing circuit for the relays 302 and 303 is opened at armature 329 and these relays are accordingly de-energized.

vIt will be noted from the above description that, upon the de-energization of the line relays 200 and 400, relays I38 and 303 energized simultaneously, and that upon the next energization of relays 200 and 400, relay I31 energized in series with relay I 38 and relay 302 energized in series with relay 303. Upon the next deenergization of relay 200, relay I39 was energized over a front contact at armature I54 of the relay I38 while at the substation relay 304 was energized over the front contact and armature 330 of relay 303. Upon the next energization of relays 200 and 400, relay I36 energized in series with relay I39 at the oflice while relay 30I energized in series with relay 304 at the substation. Energized relays I36 and 30I in turn caused the de-energization of relays I38 and I31 at the oflice, and relays 303 and 302, respectively, at the substation.

Similarly, upon the next de-energization of line relays 200 and 400, the next selecting point relay I40 at the oflice and 305 at the substation are energized, and upon the following energization of relays 200 and400 relay I35 energized in series with relay I40 while relay 300 energized in series with relay 305. Relays I35 and 300 in turn open the energized point selecting relays I39 and I36, at the ofllce, and relays 304 and SM, at the substation.

In this manner, as the line relays 200 and 400 are periodically energized and de-energized, the successive point selecting relays, such as I to I43 at the ofiice and 306 to 308 at the substation, are energized and upon each energization of relays 200 and 400 following the energization of these point selecting relays, these point selecting relays in turn energize in series with relays I35 to I31 at the office and 300 to 302 at the substation which in turn de-energize the previously energized point selecting relays.

It will be noted that only three switching relays, I35 to I31, are provided in the oifice and associated with relays I38 and HI, relay I36 is associated with relays I39 and I42, and relay 'I35 is associated with relays I40 and I43. Relay I31, when it energizes, opens the energizing circuit for the relay I35 and its associated point selecting relays at armature I59; relay I36,

when it energizes, opens the energizing circuit for the relay I31 and its associated "point selecting relays; and relay I35, when it energizes, opens the energizing circuit for the relay I36 and its associated point selecting relays"; and

similar operations occur at the relays 300 to 302 at the substation.

It will be noted that, although only five points are shown on the drawings, additional point selecting relays, such as I39 to I43 and 303 to 306, may be connected to the switching relays I35 to I31 and 300 to 302 to expand the system to any desired number of points.

When the point selecting relay I42 is energized in the manner described, an energizing circuit is completed for relay 2| 2 from negative battery through the winding of the relay 2I2, over the conductor 25I, through the front contact and armature 280 of relay. 204, conductor 253, over the armature I60 of relay I42 and its front contact, back contact and armature I6I, to conductor I62, back contact and armature 254 of relay 2 and the back contact and armature 255, to positive battery.

It will be noted that the circuit for the relay 2I2, although successively prepared at each point selecting relay, is held open by the individual selecting point relays, such as I29, which are normally energized. Relay I3I, however, having been de-energized, completes an energizing circuit for relay 212 in the manner described. This 0D- eration, it will be noted, occurs during the period in the cycle of operations while the relay 204 is energized. to complete the above described circuit for relay 2I2.

Relay 20I now de-energizes in the course of the normal cycle of operations and relay 200 energizes, while the energizing circuit for the relay 203, which had been previously traced over the back contact andarmature 242, is opened. Relay 203, it will be noted, was locked immediately after its energization over the back contact and armature 256, front contact and armature 246 to positive battery. However, upon the energization of relay 2I2 and the subsequent energization of the line relay 200, the energizing and locking circuits for relay 203 are both opened and this relay deenergizes. This prevents a switching to the receiving condition at the oilice until the last impulse is completed. Relay 203, when de-energized, prevents further operation of relay 20I, thereby stopping the sending of impulses.

Simultaneously, as a further result of the energization of relay 200, the relay I36 energizes in series with relay I42, as described above, and relay I36, upon energization, opens the series energizing circuit of the previously energized relays I4I and I31 at armature I52. Relays I42 and I36, however, do not remain energized as their energizing circuit is opened at the armature 250 when relay 203 de-energizes, as described above.

As described hereinbefore, a further result of the energization of relay 200 is to de-energize the slow relay 204 and subsequently the relay 205.

While these operations have been going on at the ofllce, similar point selecting relays have been energized at the substation so that, at this time, relay 30I is energized in series with relay 301. Relay 30I, upon energizing, opens the energizing circuit of the previously energized point selecting relay 306 and series energized relay 302.

It will be noted that relay 401 is a slow-torelease relay and accordingly is unaffected during the short impulse intervals while its circuit is periodically opened and closed by relay 400. However, when its energizing circuit is held open sufflciently long, relay 401 de-energizes upon the energization of relay 400 and an energizing circuit is accordingly completed for the relay 3I0 associated with the circuit breaker which is to be operated. This circuit extends from negative battery through the winding of the relay 3I0, over the front contact and armature 332, conductor 333, over the front contact and armature 334, back contact and armature 335, back contact and armature 336, back contact and armature 449, over the front contact and armature 433, and the armature 436 and its front contact and the back contact and armature 421, to positive battery.

Upon energization of the relay 3I0, an energizing circuit is completed for the relay 4I2 from negative battery, through the winding of the relay 4I2, over the front contact and armature 331, to positive battery, over the circuit traced for relay 3I0. Relay 4I2, upon energization, locks itself and relay 3I0 over its front contact and armature 431. A further result of energization of relay 3I0 is to shunt down relay 3I3, which is normally energized, for the purpose to be described hereinafter. This shunt includes front contact and armature 349, armature 456 and its back contact and back contact and armature 480 of relay 4I3. An interval of time after the. de-energization of relay 401, the slow-to-de-energize relay 408 deenergizes. De-energization of relay 408 opens the holding circuit for relay 301 and 30I and also opens the energizing circuit for relay 409.

After an interval of time, slow to release relay 4091s tie-energized and it, in turn, de-energizes relay 4I0. An energizing circuit is now completed immediately following the de-energization of the relay 0 for the relay 403 from negative battery through the winding of the relay 403, over the conductor 433, back. contact and armature 439 of relay 0, front contact and armature 440 of relay 2, now energized, back contact and armature 44I and backc'ontact-and armature 442, to positive battery. v

Relay 40I at the substation is now energized over a circuit from negative battery through the winding of the relay 40I, over the armature 443 and its back contact, and front contact and armature 444, to positive battery.

It will be noted, at this time, that, although heretofore the impulsing for the code impulses was controlled from the oflice by means of relay 20I until the selection was completed, the succeeding checking impulses will now be controlled by therelay 40I at the substation.

Relay 40I, upon energization, opens the main drive line at armature 4I9, thereby de-energizing the two line relays 200 and 400 at the office and substation, respectively.

At the substation, as a result of the de-energization of relay 400, an energizing circuit is completed for the relay 404 over the front contact and armature 423, and front contact and armature 424, and the back contact and armature 420.

A multiple energizing circuit is completed for the relays 405 and 303, the circuit for the latter extending from negative battery; winding of relay 303 over the back contacts and armatures 324, 323, 322, 426, front contact and armature 424, back contact and armature 420 to positive battery.

At the ofiice, upon de-energization of relay 200, inasmuch as relay 203 is now de-energized, an energizing circuit is completed for the relay 201 from negative battery through the winding of the relay 201, back contact and armature 251, back contact and armature 241, front contact and armature 248, back contact and armature 221, to positive battery. A multiple energizing circuit is also completed for the relay I38, as traced hereinbefore.

Attention is directed at this time to the difierence in operation of the two stations during the checking period as distinguished from the previ-' ous selecting period. Whereas, previously, the relay 203 at the oflice was energized and accordingly controlled the energizing circuits for relays 204 and 205 at armature 241 and the energizing circuit for the point selecting relays at armature 250 during the checking period, relay 203 now remains de-energized.

At the substation, the relay 403, which has deenergized during the selecting period, is now energized. The effects of this difference will be noted in the description which follows.

As a result of the energization of relay 201 at the ofiice, an obvious energizing circuit is completed for the relay 208 over the front'contact and armature 268. Relay 200 is also energized at this time over a circuit from negative battery through the winding of relay 200, over conductor 259, armature 260 and its back contact, back contact and armature 250, and the front contact and armature 26I, to positive battery.

At the substation, as a result of the energization of relay 404 the energizing circuit for relay 40I is opened and this relay de-energizes again, closing the drive line and energizing relays 200 and 400.

Energization of relay 400 at the substation pro-,

vides a series energizing circuit for relays 302 and 303 in series, as traced above, and at the ofiice, the energization of relay 200 provides a series energizing circuit for the relays I31 and I38, as,

traced hereinbefore.

At the substation, as a result of the energization of relay 400, the energizing circuit for the relay 404 is again opened and this slow-relay again de-energizes. As a result of the de-energization of relay 404, relay 40I is again energized, opening the drive line and de-energizing relays 200 and 400.

De-energization of relay 200 at the ofiice energizes the relay I39 as described above, and at the substation, the de-energization of relay 400 energizes relays 404 and 304, as described hereinbefore.

The cycle of operations, as described above, is

' relay.

When the point selecting relay 301 is energized and relay 30I is energized in series therewith, an energizing circuit is completed for the relay 4 from negative battery through the winding of the relay 4| I, over armature 445 and its back contact, armature 446 and its back contact, back contact and armature 45I, back contact and armature 436, armature 433 and its back contact, armature 336 and its back contact, armature 335 and its back contact, armature 334 and its front contact,

conductor 333, armature 332 and its front contact,

armature 331 and its front contact, and front contact and armature 431, to positive battery. Relay 4| I, upon energization, locks itself over its front contact and armature 441.

Relay 403, which has been provided with two energizing circuits; one, its own locking circuit over armature 444, and the other, over armature 44I of relay 4| I, is now de-energized due to the fact that both of these circuits are now opened. As a result of the de-energization of relay 403, relays 301 and 30I are de-energized.

During the transmission of the checking irnpulses, relay 201 has remained operated in the manner described for relay 401 at the substation. Relay 200 now remains energized at this time for a longer interval than the normal impulsing interval due to the de-energization of relay 403 which stops the cycle of operations of relays 40I and 404 and, as a result, relay 201 de-energizes after an interval of time. An energizing circuit is thereupon completed for the relay I34 from negative battery through the winding of relay ,I34, front contact and armature I63, conductor I64, front contact and armature I65, back contact and armature I66, back contact and armature I61, back contact and armature 262, front contact and armature 263, armature 264 and its front contact, back contact and armature 268, to

positive battery.

An energizing circuit is thereby completed for relay 2 from negative battery through the winding of relay 2 and over the front contact and armature I68, to positive battery, over the this time as a result of the energization of relay 2| I. Relays I42 and I36 are de-energized following the de-energizatlon of relay 208.

As a further result of the de-energization of 5 both slow relays 201 and 208, slow relay 209 de-' energizes after an interval of time, inasmuch as its energizing circuit is completed over the front contacts of either armature 26I or armature 255.

With the twist control key I20 in the position for closing the breaker, the dispatcher may now, by operating the master control key I02, cause an operation of the selected unit in the following manner.

The operator will depress the master control key I02, closing the contact IOI. An energizing circuit is thereupon completed for the relay 2I5 from negative battery through the winding of the relay 2I5, contact IOI, over the front contact and armature 232 to positive battery. Relay 203 is now energized a second time over a circuit from negative battery through the winding of the relay 203, conductor 239, back contact and armature 240, front contact and armature 299, front contact and armature 254 of relay 2" which was just described as energized, and back contact and armature 255, to positive battery.

As a result of the energization of relay 203, an energizing circuit is completed for relay 20I from negative battery through the winding of relay MI, conductor 243, armature 244 andits back contact, armature 245 and its back contact, and front contact and armature 246, to positive battery.

Energization of relay 20I de-energizes relays 200 and 400 in the manner already described, and as a result of the de-energization ofrelay 200 and before the cle-energizaticn of slow relay 202, relays 204, 205, and I38, are energized; all in the manner which was described in detail hereinbefore.

At the substation, the de-energization of relay 400, simultaneously with the de-energization of relay 200, completes an energizing circuit for the relays 401 and 303, in the manner described hereinbefore.

Energization of the relay 401 completes an obvious energizing circuit for relay 408 which in turn completes an energizing circuit for relay 409, as described hereinbefore. Relay 409, upon energization, in turn completes an obvious energizing circuit for relay 0.

At the oflice, the energization of relay 204 opened the energizing circuit for the slow relay 20I- which in turn completes the energizing circuit for the series line relays 200 and 400. Energization of the relay 200 completes an energizing circuit for the relays I38 and I31 in series, while at the substation, the energization of relay 400 completes an energizing circuit for the relays 303 and 302.

At the oflice, relay 200 first energizes and in turn lie-energizes the relay 204, all as described before, and the relay 20I is again energized to deenergize relays 200 and 400.

This cycle continues, to successively energize the selecting relays for a third cycle and in this manner, ultimately, relay I35 is energized in' series with the relay I43 at the oflice, while simultaneously the relay 300 is energized in series with the relay 308 at the substation.

At the oflice, the energization of relay I35 opens the series energizing circuit for the relays I42 and I36 at the armature I51. Relay I43 upon energization completes an energizing circuit for relay 2I0 from negative battery through winding of relay 2", armature 298 and its front contact, front contact and armature 255, armature 291 and its front contact, armature I99 and its front contact, conductor I18, inner contact and spring I22, back contact and armature I98, front contact and armature I11 to positive battery. Relay 2I0 locks up and, in turn, de-energizes relay 203 at its armature 255. Relay203 upon deenergization stops further impulsing from the omce. The cycleof operation now stops at this point with the relays 200 and 400 energized as described in connection with the previous cycles.

A further result of the de-energization of relay 203 is the opening of the series energizing circuit for the relays I43 and I35.

At the substation, the energization of relays 308 and 300 opens the series energizing circuit for the relays 301 and 3M. An interval after the continued energization of relay 400, slow-to-release relay 401 is de-energized and an energizing circuit is closed for the relay 4 from negative battery through the winding of the relay 4I4, front contact and armature 448, front contact and armature 433, armature 436 and its front contact, and back contact and armature 421, to positive battery.

Energization of relay 4 I4 completes an energizing circuit for the closing breaker magnet 320 from positive battery over armature 450 and its front contact, conductor 338, armature 339 and its front contact of selecting relay 308, conductor 340, armature 3 and its front contact, through the winding of the closing magnet 320, to negative battery, and the circuit breaker closes.

As a result of the movement of the circuit breaker from its tripped to its closed position, the auxiliary switch 32I, which is a part of the breaker, opens the circuit for the slow-to-release relay 3I4 which then de-energizes. An energizing circuit is thereupon completed for the relay 4I5 from negative battery through the winding of relay 4I5, front contact and armature of relay 4I4, back contact and armature 45I of relay 404, conductor 452, armature 453 and its front contact, conductor 454, through the armature 342 and its front contact, conductor 343, back contact and armature 344, back contact and armature 345, and front contact and armature 346, to positive battery.

Relay 408 is at this time looked over a circuit from negative battery through the winding 408,

its own armature and front contact, back contact and armature 455, front contact and armature I, back contact and armature 442 to positive battery. It will be noted that this locking circuit includes the armature contacts 455 of relay 4I5 which in turn is controlled by the circuit breaker. Relay 408 therefore, maintains the closing circuit of the breaker through magnet 320 closed until the breaker is latched in its closed position. As soon, however, as the circuit 'breaker closes and latches in position, relay M5 is energized as described above and the locking circuit for relay 408 is opened.

Relay 4.08 now de-energizes, due to the fact that relay 401 was previously de-energized, and in turn opens the energizing circuit for the relay 4 at armature 436. De-energization of relay 408 also causes the de-energization of slow relay 409 which in turn opens the energizing circuit for the relay M0 at armature 432. A further result of the de-energization of relay 408 is to deenergize relays 308 and 300.

Relay 403 is now energized over a circuit from negative battery through the winding of relay 403, over conductor 438, back contact and armature 439, front contact and armature 455, front contact and armature 44I, back contact and armature 442, to positive battery.

Energization of relay 403 completes an energizing circuit for relay 40I, in the manner described hereinbefore, which in turn opens the energizing circuit for the line relays 200 and 400. De-energization of relay 400 at the substation completes energizing circuits for relays 404, 405, and 303, in the manner which has already been described in detail.

At the ofiice, the de-energization of relay 200 energizes relays 201 and I38 in the manner already described. Energization of relay 201 in turn energizes relays 208 and 208, as hereinbefore described.

At the sub-station, the energization of relay 404 de-energizes relay 40I which thereupon, at armature 4I9, again closes an energizing circuit for relays 200 and 400 in series. Now relays 200 and 400 energize successively in the manner described hereinbefore.

The selecting relays I39 to I43 are successively energized and in synchronism with the selecting relays 304 to 308 at the substation.

As a result of the energization of relays 308 and 404, an energizing circuit is now completed for the relay MS from negative battery through the winding of relay 4| 6, armature and front contact of relay 4I3, front contact and armature 45I', conductor 452, armature 453 and its front contact, conductor 454, armature 342 and its front contact, conductor 343, back contact and armature 344, back contact and armature 345, front contact and armature 346 to positive battery.

Relay 3 I3 is now energized over a circuit from positive battery through the winding of relay 3I3, back contact and armature 348, front contact and armature 349, armature 456, and its front contact and armature 352 and its back contact, to negative battery.

Relay 3I3, upon energization, locks itself over the front contact and its armature 350. A fur? ther result of the energization of relay H6 is to complete an energizing circuit for the relay 35I from negative battery through the winding of the relay 35I and armature 453 and its front contact to positive battery. Relay 35I opens the above traced energizing circuit for relay 3I3 at armature 352 to prevent the holding of a prolonged operating circuit for relay 3I3. Relay 3I3 is the supervisory relay which must de-energize when the breaker changes. Accordingly, if the breaker change occurred at the time when the energizing circuit is closed, the supervisory relay would not release if the operating current for relay 3I3 were maintained during and after the interval while armature '348-moved between its contacts.

At this time, relay 40I de-energizes and relays 200 and 400 are energized in series.

At the substation, relay 403 de-energizes by reason of the operation of relay 4I6 which has been energized. Relays 300 and 308 are energized in series. This energization of relay 300 opens the series energizing circuit for relays 301 and 30 I Relays 300, 308, and 404 now de-energize.

At the office, the relays I35 and I43 energize in series to open the series energizing circuit for relays I36 and I42. Relay 201 now de-energizes and an energizing circuit is completed for the relay I32 from negative battery through the winding of relay I32, front contact and armature 262, front contact and armature 263, armature 204 and its front contact, and the back contact and armature 268, to positive battery.

Energization of the relay I32 completes an energizing circuit for the relay I30 from positive battery through the winding of relay I30, front contact and armature I10, front contact and armature HI, and front contact and armature I12, of selecting relay I43, to negative battery. Relay I30 locks itself over an obvious circuit.

A circuit is also completed for the relay I3I from positive battery through the winding of relay I3 I, front contact and armature I13, armature I14 and its front contact, to negative battery.

As a result of the energization of relay I30, the red lamp H9 is illuminated over an energizing circuit including armature I15 and its front contact, indicating to the dispatcher that the circuit breaker has closed in accordance with the control operation performed by the dispatcher. At the same time, the energizing circuit for the green lamp I23, which has been illuminated up to this time to indicate that the circuit breaker is in the tripped position, is opened, and the lamp is extinguished, providing a further indication to the dispatcher of the breaker condition.

An interval of time after the de-energization of relay 201, slow-to-release relay 208 de-energizes, releasing the relays I43 and I35, as described hereinbefore. An energizing circuit is now completed for the relay 2I4 from negative battery through the winding of relay 2I4, armature 224 and its front contact, armature I16 and its front contact, and the back contact and armature 265, to positive battery. Relay 2I4 locks up.

As a result of the energization of relay 2I4, an energizing circuit is completed for the relay 20I over the front contact and armature 244. As a result of the de-energization of relay 208, the energizing circuit for the relay I32 is opened and this relay de-energizes after an interval of time.

Energization of relay 20I opens the energizing circuit for the two line relays 200 and 400, which thereupon de-energize. Relay 209 de-energizes an interval of time after the de-energization of relay 208. An interval after the de-energization of relay 200, relay 202 de-energizes, and as a result, relays 2I6, 2 I0, I34, 2, 2I5 and 2I2, are all de-energized. In this connection, attention is directed to the symbols employed for positive battery. The symbol with a double circle indicates a direct connection to battery. The symbol with a single circle indicates connections to battery through front contact and armature 228 of relay 202. Therefore, until relay 202 drops out all circuits showing a positive battery connection with a single circle remain connected to the positive battery. The purpose of this connection is to release the system whenever relay 202 is deenergized. At the substation, the de-energization of relay 400 de-energizes relay 402, and relays H6, 5, 4, M2, 35I, M8, and 406 are de-enersized.

At the office, relay 2I4 de-energizes, following the de-energization of relay 202, and in turn deenergizes relay 20I. De-energization of relay 20I again closes the normal energizing circuit for the line relays 200 and 400. Relay 200 in turn energizes relay 202 and relay 400 energizes relay 402.

The apparatus is now back in its normal condition which existed before the dispatcher operated his individual control key to start operations and is now ready for further operations. In the manner described in detail in the above, the dispatcher may selectively operate any other breaker either to its closed or trip position.

A trip operation is performed in a manner similar to the closing operation, except that the twist key is placed in the trip position. It will be noted, that the spring I22 01 the control key I20, when it engages its upper contact which is the circuit breaker closing position extends battery from the front contact and armature I" of relay I34, over conductor I10, front contact and arma ture I93 of relay I43 for operating the relay M0, to stop the transmission of operation control impulses.

Accordingly, five such impulses are transmitted for closing the breaker. If, however, the trip control key is in its lower position and the spring I22 engages its lower contact, battery from the same source extends over the conductor I19 only to the armature contact I98a of relay I4I, so that only three impulses are transmitted for a trip operation.

At the substation, the circuit for the closing magnet 320 is completed over conductor 340 and the armature 339 of the fifth selecting relay 308, so that if five operation control impulses are received, the closing magnet is energized. The trip magnet 3I9, it will be noted, is connected over conductor 35I, to the armature 353 of the third selecting relay 306 so that, if three impulses are received, a trip operation will result.

Similarly, when the breaker at the substation is in its closed position, the auxiliary switch opens the contacts to the relay 3I4 and energy from the positive battery at armature 346 extends over armature 344 and its back contact, conductor 343 and armature 342 to the relay 4I6, so that five impulses are transmitted to indicate a closed condition of the breaker. If, on the other hand, the breaker is in its tripped position, the auxiliary switch 32I closes the circuit to relay 3I4 which thereupon extends circuit from the positive battery at armature 346 to the armature 354 of relay 306 and three impulses are transmitted to indicate a tripped condition of the breaker.

At the office, it will be noted that the relay I30 is energized over the energizing circuit including armature I12 of the fifth relay I43 so that when five impulses are received, relay I 30 energizes to, in turn, complete an energizing circuit for the red lamp II9 which indicates a closed condition of the breaker. Similarly the locking circuit for the relay I30 is shunted down at the armature I of relay I4I when three impulses are received in accordance with a tripped condition of the breaker.

De-energizatlon of the relay I30 completes an energizing circuit for the lamp I23 which indicates a tripped condition of the breaker.

In the event that a breaker at the substation trips automatically, the apparatus is automatically started into operation to select the associated signalling lamp at the ofiice and to operate it in a manner described above in connection with the supervisory operations. In order to make this clear, the manner in which the set is started into operation in response to an automatic operation will now be given.

It will be assumed, for example, that an automatic operation takes place at the substation such as the tripping of the breaker on the fourth selecting position, the tripping being due possibly to the action of a protective overload device. The substation thereupon sets the apparatus into operation to send signals to select the proper indicating lamps and to change these lamps to agree with the new position of the breaker in the following manner.

Upon the tripping of the circuit breaker, the circuit for relay 3I4 is energized: As the armature 348 moves from its back to its front contact, the locking circuit for the relay 3I3 is momentarily opened sufllciently long to permit relay 3I3 to de-energize and to open its own locking circuit at front contact and armature 350. An energizing circuit is thereupon completed for the relay 4| I from positive battery over armature 435 and its back contact, through the winding of the relay M1, and the back contact and armature 350, to negative battery.

Relay 4" energizes and locks itself over its armature 458, and at armature 459 completes an energizing circuit for the relay 403 from negative battery, through the winding of the relay 403, over conductor 438, back contact and armature 439, front contact and armature 459, and the back contact and armature 460, to positive battery.

Energization of the relay 403 completes an energizing circuit for the relay 40I, in the manner described above, and relays 200 and 400 are de-energized. The apparatus is thus started into operation and successive impulses are transmitted, in the manner described above, to transmit five successive selecting impulses. oflice, a selection is made in accordance with this operation which in turn is checked back to the substation from the oflice. If the two agree, as in the case of the previous check, the substation sends a train of impulses to change the lamp indication and to reset the equipment to normal rest position.

In view of the fact that, in the case of an automatic operation, the apparatus is started into operation from the substation end and in the case of control operations, operations are started at the dispatchers ofiioe, there are some changes in the controlling relays which are energized, when an automatic operation takes place over the controlling relays energized when the operations are initiated by the dispatcher. It will be recalled that, when the dispatcher initiates operations, the relay 2 I8 is energized Relay 2I8 thereupon controls the starting of the selecting code combination of impulses. Subsequently, relay 2I2 is energized to stop further transmission of, selecting code combination of impulses.

At the substation in response to the receipt of the selecting code combination of impulses, the point selecting relay 3| 0 is energized and relay 2 energizes to initiate the transmission of a checking code combination of impulse conditions. Following the complete transmission of this checking code combination, relay 4| I is energized to stop the transmission of this code, or in other words, to determine the last impulse of this code combination.

This checking code combination of impulse conditions selects the point selecting relay I34 at the ofiice for energization. Relay 2 energizes to prepare the sending of an operation control code combination of impulses to the substation and relay 2I0 energizes to stop further transmission of this code or, in other words, to determine the last impulse of this code.

In response to this control code combination of impulses, the previously selected breaker is operated and in turn operates relay M5. The energization of this relay initiates the sending of a supervisory code combination of impulses to indicate the new position of the breaker and relay 4I6 energizes to stop the supervisory code combination of impulses at the last impulse,

On the other hand, when an automatic opera- At the tion takes place at the substation and the functioning of the system is initiated from the substation, relay 4I I is energized as hereinbefore described and initiates the sending of aselection code combination of impulses. The reception of this selection code combination of impulses at the oflice selects the operation of the point selecting relay I34. Relay 2 energizes to initiate the sending of a checking code combination of impulses and relay 2I0 energizes to terminate the checking code combination of impulses.

The reception of this checking code combination of impulses at the substation selects operation of the point selection relay 3I0. Thereupon relay 4I2 energizes to initiate the sending of a supervisory code combination of impulses to indicate the new position of the circuit breaker and relay 4I6 energizes to stop the sending of the supervisory code combination of impulses or, in other words, to determine the last impulse of this code.

The released the apparatus to its normal condition is identical in both cases.

It should be noted, that when the substation sends a supervisory signal to record an automatic operation, the alarm relay I2l is energized due to relay 2I6 being deenergized at the time so that a circuit is closed for relay I21 when relay I38 operates on the first or dummy impulse, which in turn, locks itself over armature I8I and, at armature I82, closes the circuit for the alarm lamp I04, and at armature I83, closes the circuit for the alarm bell I05, thus advising the dispatcher that a supervisory signal has been received.

It is possible that the equipment may jam at any selecting position due to line troubles or other reasons. In that case, it is desirable to be able to reset the apparatus in order that a second opportunity for operation may be provided.

This is accomplished by pressing the "release key" I03. Operation of the release key I03 to move its spring for the upper position completes an energizing circuit for the relay 2I4 from positive battery over upper contact of key I03, front contact and armature 224 of relay 2I3 which is energized at this time, relay 2I4 to negative battery. Relay 2I4 closes a locking circuit for itself.

Energization of the relay 2I4 completes an obvious energizing circuit for the relay 20I, which in turn opens the circuit for the line relays 200 and 400. De-energization of line relays 200 and 400 opens the energizing circuits for'the slow releasing relays 202 and 402, respectively. After an interval of time, these relays de-energize, opening the master positive and de-energizing all the relays which may at that time be operated from this position.

At the oflice, relay 2I4 de-energizes, in turn de-energizing relay 20I, and relays 200 and 400 will again energize over the normal holding circuit, as described heretofore, thereby causing relays 202 and 402 to energize. All the apparatus is now back to normal rest position again, in preparation for further operations.

In the event that the checking impulses, In the case of a control operation initiated by the dispatcher, do not agree with the individual unit to be operated by the dispatcher, provision is made in accordance with my invention for automatically restoring the apparatus to normal in order that the selecting operation may be remater! and to visually indicate to the dispatcher that the checking code does not agree with the position of the individual unit to be controlled.

It will be assumed, that the checking code does not agree with the selection desired and therefore does not operate the point selection relay I42, but

instead, for example, operates relay I4I or for that matter any other of the point selecting relays.

It will be recalled that when relay I42 was selected, an energizing circuit was completed for relay I34 which in turn completed at its armature I" an energizing circuit over the back contact of the armature of relay I3I to the relay 2I0 and relay 2I0 in turn stopped the transmission of further operation control code impulses.

In the event, however, that this point selecting relay I34 is not energized due to the fact that checking code does not agree with the key operated, then the above circuit for relay 2 I0 is not completed since any other point selection relay such as I29 will not have been dropped out by the individual control key.

If, therefore, the dispatcher fails to note by observing the checking lamp III that the checking code does not agree with the individual key operated and proceeds to depress the master control key I02, the operation control code will be transmitted but will not stop at the end of the fifth impulse in view of the fact that relay 2I0 is not energized. Accordingly, suflicient impulses will be transmitted to energize all of the relays in the group I38 to I43 at the oflice and 303 to 308 at the substation.

When the last one of these relays (relay I43 in the present illustration) is energized, and a further impulse is transmitted, therelease relay 2 I4 is energized over a circuit from negative battery through the winding relay 2 I 4, armature 224 and its front contact, armature I16 and its back contact through thejront contact and armature I91, front contact and armature I48, back contact and armature 250, front contact and arms.- ture 243, and back contact and armature 241 to positive battery. Relay 2I4 is energized over this circuit and operates to restore the apparatus to normal in the manner which has already been described in detail hereinbefore.

In the event that the checking code combination from oflice to substation, which follows the initiation of operations by an automatic operation of a. breaker, indicates that the selection made at the oiiice does not agree with the breaker which has operated at the substation, an automatic release of the apparatus to normal condition is also obtained and the apparatus is again initiated into operation for indicating such supervisory operation.

It will be recalled that, in the supervisory operations described hereinbefore in connection with the automatic operation of relay 3I3 associated with a breaker, relay 3I0 was energized in response to the checking code received from the oflice to indicate the supervisory selection made thereat. If, however, any other point selecting relay than 3I0, as for example, 309 is energized, indicating that a different supervisory selection was made at the oflice than that of the operated breaker, the circuit for relay 4 I 6, traced hereinbefore, and which upon energization, controls the stopping of the supervisory code combination of impulse conditions is not completed.

Accordingly, when the supervisory code combination of impulses is transmitted, the impulses are not stopped at either the third or fifth impulse as in the case of tripping or closing, re-

spectively, but will continue until all of the relays of the chain 383 to 388 at the substation and I38 to I43 at the oflice are energized.

When the last of these relays are energized and a further impulse is received at the oiiice, an energizing circuit is completed for the relay 2 over the circuit described in detail hereinbefore. Relay 2I4 is energized and restores the apparatus to normal.

However, relay 3| 3 is still de-energized, since its circuit was held open at the front contact of armature 456 of relay 4H3 which did not energlze. Accordingly, the apparatus is again started into operation in the manner described hereinbefore and a supervisory point selecting code combination of impulses is transmitted from the substation to the oflice and again a checking code is received at the substation. If this checking code agrees with the circuit breaker operation,

normal operations as described hereinbefore will occur.

The battery at the ofllce may momentarily be lost. This may occur in a number of conditions, as for example, when the apparatus is in operation for remotely controlling a circuit breaker by supervisory signals or it may happen, while the apparatus is in its normal position of rest. In the former case, either a wrong selection might be made after a momentary loss of battery or an inaccurate supervisory signal might be received.

In the latter case, the relays at the offlce which may be energized, as for example, the individual relay I28 or I38 and which, when energized, 1ndicates the closed position of the system breakers, will lose their energizing circuit and accordingly, indicate a false position of the remote individual breakers.

To correct this, I provide in my system automatic means, operative in the event that the battery is lost, for instantaneously restoring the apparatus to normal and to automatically check the actual condition of all of the circuit breakers.

It will be assumed, that battery is momentarily lost at the omce. It will be recalled, that relay 2l3 was described as energized when the apparatus was first put into operation and locked at its armature 226. Relay 2I3 thereafter remains energized during all conditions except when the battery is momentarily lost in which event relay 2I3 at once de-energizes. Upon de-energization of relay 2I3 in response to a momentary loss of battery, a circuit is prepared for relay 2I3 by armature 224. As soon as the battery retiu'ns, relay 2I4 is energized, and at its armature 225 completes an energizing circuit again for the relay 2I3. Relay 2I3 energizes and its armature 226 again locks itself. At its armature 224, it completes a locking circuit for the relay 2 and at armature 228 again completes the energizing series line circuit for the relays 288 and 488.

As a. further result of the energization of relay 2I4, an energizing circuit is completed for relay 28I, which, at armature 222, opens the circuit for the relays 288 and 488. These relays are thus held open until the remaining apparatus is restored to normal by the de-energization of slow relay 282.

This operation is more particularly provided in order to de-energize relay 488 which in turn deenergizes relay 482 described hereinbefore and restores the apparatus at the substation to normal. Relay 2I4-at the oflice de-energizes when the positive battery is opened by armature 228 of relay 282 by disengaging its front contact. Upon de-energization of relay 2I4, the energizing cal circuit for the relay 28I is opened and the original series energizing circuit for relays 288 and 488 is again completed.

The apparatus in both ofllce and substation is now back to normal, but relays I29, I3I, etc., have all dropped out in the same manner as when their individual operating keys H4 and I24 are momentarily depressed with the exception that relay 2I6, which is controlled by the momentary depression of these individual operating keys H4 and I24, is not energized. It will be recalled that relay 2"; controls the transmission of the operation control codes for either closing or tripping the circuit breakers following their selection. Accordingly in the present case, no such operation control code will be transmitted but instead, each breaker will be selected in turn and supervisory signals sent to the ofilce to verify the condition of the apparatus.

Briefly, the operations which then occur are as follows:

In view of the fact that relay I29 is de-energized, the apparatus is started into operation in the manner which has been described in detail above. The relay I29 being associated with the first position in the selecting point. only a sin le selecting impulse will be transmitted from the oflice to the substation and, as a result, relay I39 at the ofilce and relay 384 at the substation will be energized. Attention is called at this time, to the fact that the first relays I38 and 383 are dummy selecting points and are not considered in the present discussion.

When the selecting relays I39 and 384 are energized, further transmission of the selecting impulse is stopped by the relay I29 which, at the back armature contact, controls the energizing circuit for relay 2 I2. Thereafter a check impulse code is received in the usual manner, but now instead of waiting for the depression of the master control key as was necessary in the operations initiated by the dispatcher, a single impulse is automatically transmitted which terminates the operations on this position.

It will be recalled, that the relay 2I6 is normally de-energized and is energized only upon the depression of the individual operation key and is subsequently released when the relay 282 is deenergized at the end of the operations. The operation control code. it will further be recalled, is transmitted over the armature 299 of relay 2I5, relay 2I5 in turn being energized upon operation of the master key. In the present case, however, relay 2I6 remains de-energized since no individual key has been depressed. Accordingly, following the selection of a remote unit and the checking thereof, the operation control circuits are immediately completed over the armature at back contact of relay 2l8, this circuit extending as in the case of the operation code, described hereinbefore.

It will be recalled, that the relay 2l8 is the relay which stops the transmission of the operation control code or in other words, the last impulse of this code in the present case. In the present case, the circuit for this relay extends from negative battery through winding of relay 2l8, the armature 298 and front contact of relay 2I2 (which is at this time energized), front contact and armature 255 of relay 284 (which is also energized), armature 291 and its back contact of de-energized relay 2l8, the armature and front contact of the first selecting relay I39, the front contact and armature 238 of relay 2 (which is energized at this time) to positive battery.

In this manner, a single selecting impulse is transmitted following the selection and checking. Thereafter, the remote breaker associated with this position sends a supervisory code in accordance with the position and operates the relay I28 in accordance with the position of the breaker.

The relay M5, which, it will be recalled, controls the transmission of the supervisory signals must be operated in the present case, over a different circuit than that previously described, in view of the factthat no operation of the breaker takes place other than a mere verification of the breaker operation. The circuit which energizes relay M5 extends from the negative battery through winding relay 5, front contact and armature of relay 4" and front contact and armature of the first point selecting relay 304 to positive battery.

It will be noted, that this circuit is completed following the checking of the supervisory selection, since each switch checking is followed by a single impulse, as described above, which merely verifies the condition of the apparatus units.

Following the checking and verification of the first point, the relay I 20 associated therewith is energized and locked. The above cited operations, are therefore, now again repeated, but this time two selecting impulses are transmitted until the relay corresponding to l3! and associated with the second selected position, is reached.

Thereupon the operation described above, is repeated, that is, a checking code is received of the remote selection made. Relay M2 is energized and the de-energization of relay 2I6 permits transmission of a single impulse to the remote station. A supervisory code combination is transmitted back to the omce in accordance with the condition of the breaker at the second point. This same cycle is now repeated for each position until the last position is reached. Following the selection, checking and supervisory code for the last selected position of the relays such as I20, l3l, etc., the circuit for relay 2! which is normally closed in multiple over the back contacts of the armatures of these relays is now opened and remains de-energized, preventing further starting operations.

50 It will be noted that no finder switches either at the dispatching ofllce or substation are provided in my system. I have provided, as part of my invention, simplified means which eliminates the need of any finder switches and which en- 55 ables the storing of impulses in the case of automatic operation of a number of breakers at the substation simultaneously or during the period while a supervisory code is being transmitted or in the event of an automatic operation of a breaker during the period while the dispatcher is transmitting an operation.

It will be assumed that during the period while the dispatcher is transmitting an operation and the selecting apparatus is in operation, a circuit 65 breaker automatically operates from one position to another.

When the circuit breaker operates, relay 3l3 is de-energized. Thereupon an energizing circuit is prepared for the relay 1 which is the start- 7 ing relay for supervisory signals. The circuit, however, is not completed as the apparatus is, at

this time, in operation, since relay M8 in that event was previously energized over the front contact and armature 325 of the dummy relay 75 303 as described hereinbefore.

At the end of the cycle of operation, however, relay 8 will be de-energized in the manner which has been described hereinbefore. Thereupon, a circuit for the energization of relay 4" is completed, at the back contact of armature 435, and relay 4H upon energization, starts the supervisory apparatus into operation.

If more than one relay such as 3 I3 is de-energized, as for example, relay 3, relay 4|! will merely be again energized at the end of the cycle of supervisory operation for repeating the operations until all of the relays, such as 3 and 3|3 etc., have been energized and no further energizing circuit is prepared for the relay 4".

It may be noted that, just as in the case at the omce, when the battery is lost momentarily at the substation, all of the relays, such as 3 and M3, etc., individual to circuit breakers or other apparatus units, are de-energized and accordingly, when the battery returns, these relays will control the intermittent energization of the relay H1 at the end of each cycle of supervisory operations to transmit to the ofiice supervisory signals indicating the position of all of the breakers.

It will be noted also that, when the battery at the substation is lost, the series line relays 200 and 400 de-energlze, since these relays are energized by the substation battery. The de-energization of relay 200 opens the energizing circuit for the relay 202 which in turn restores appa-- ratus at the ofllce to normal in the manner which has been described hereinbefore.

It may happen, that following an operation which was initiated by the dispatcher, an automatic operation may occur at the substation but that the dispatcher, not being aware of this fact, maintains an individual key depressed in readiness to transmit a second control code as soon as the first control code has been completed.

In order to provide the dispatcher with a picture of the very latest conditions of all of the breakers, it is desirable that, in such a case, the apparatus at the substation automatically operated during this interim get preference in seizing the line to transmit to the office supervisory indications in accordance with the new condition of the breaker, before the dispatcher is enabled to transmit the second control operation which he desires to perform.

A time delay circuit is provided which enables the apparatus at the substation to seize the line before the transmission of the control impulses initiated by the dispatcher can begin. When the first control operation is completed, relay 202 de-energizes and the armature 228 completes an energizing circuit for the relay 2l1. Relay 2H upon energization opens the circuit for the relay 2l8 which at armature 24! controls the eriergization of relay 203. Relay 203, in turn, controls the starting of the apparatus, as described hereinbefore. Accordingly, the starting is delayed during the period while the relay 2 I I is energized. Following the re-energization of relay 202, as described hereinbefore, relay 2|! is deenergized but the above described arrangement, whereby along restoring impulse is first transmitted following the return of the battery and before any selecting impulses can be transmitted.

Similarly, at the substation, the battery may be periodically cut oil and put on to simulate impulses. In this case the oflice receives impulses which appear to be regular code impulses, but false operations are prevented because, upon the permanent return of the substation battery, the substation immediately starts the above verifying functions, before the omce has time to commence the transmission of a check code. This results in a failure to check the selection and restores the system to normal.

- In the event that the false impulses simulating the signalling impulses are caused by the intermittent opening and closing of the line itself, then the apparatus at the dispatching cfllce and at the substation both operate as receiving apparatus.

also attempt to function as a transmitter. Provision is made, however, to give the oflice preference in this case. From the foregoing description it will be apparent that the time interval between the termination of reception of impulses and the beginning of transmission of impulses is determined by the releasing time of the three slow-to-.

release relays 201, 200 and 209, while, at the substation, this time interval is dependent upon the releasing time of the four slow-to-release relays 3 401, 408, 409 and 0. As a result the ofllce will be ready for transmission sooner than the substation and accordingly the substation will act as a receiver again. In the normal sequence of operation the substation, after acting as a receiver, should transmit a checking code. Being compelled by the arrangement just described to act as a receiver twice in succession, without an intervening sending function, the substation is not in a position to properly check the code impulses transmitted from the oflice and as a result the system Will'either restore to normal or cease to function. In either case, the alarm bell and light at the dispatchers omce will warn the dispatcher that the system is not normal and he will then operate his release key .to restore the apparatus to normal.

In the event that the signalling line is seized by the dispatcher for transmitting control operations and the signalling line is simultaneously seized by the supervisory apparatus at the substation in response to an automatic operation thereat for transmitting supervisory signals, then impulses will be transmitted from the control oflice to the sub-station and from the substation to the control oflice simultaneously. At the control oflice, these impulses are transmitted by a relay 20l in the manner already described, and at the substation, these impulses are transmitted by the relay 40I. Inasmuch, however, as the impulsing is, in turn, also controlled by the line relays 200 and 400 which are connected in series in the signalling line, the time interval of the impulses is maintained uniform just as in normal operation and the impulses are not mutilated by reason of the fact that they are being transmitted from both ends of the line simultaneously.

The dispatchers ofllce selecting apparatus functions as a transmitter, and the selecting apparatus at the substation also functions as a transmitter, both in the normal manner.

If the number of impulses transmitted from the substation is greater than the number transmitted from the oflice, then, after the oflice has completed its transmission, the relay 203 will be de-energized. At this time, slow relay 205 is still energized, but the apparatus at the dispatcher's ofllce is not expecting any signals, inasmuch as it has just been acting as a transmitter and a time delay is provided between the last impulse transmitted from the dispatcher's oflice and the first check impulse which is to be received from the substation. This period between the transmission of the last control impulse from the office and the transmission of the first check impulse is determined by the dropping out period for the relays 401, 406, 409 and M0 at the substation. During this period, the slow relay 205 normally drops out, and its armature 251 moves to engage its back contact.

In the present assumed condition, however, an

* impulse is received at the dispatchers oflice al most immediately after the transmission of the last control impulse and during a period while the relay 205 is still up. Accordingly, in response to the receipt of this impulse, an energizing circuit is completed for the relay 206 from negative battery through the winding of the relay 206, front contact and armature 251, back contact and armature 241, front contact and armature 248 and back contact and armature 221 to positive battery. Relay 206 is energized and locks itself over its own armature contact, and the armature 250- opens the impulsing circuit for the counting chain. Accordingly, the counting chain is blocked from further operation, and, when the dispatcher notes that he is not getting a signal from his point lamp, he will operate his release key, thereby restoring the selecting apparatus to normal.

In the event that the number of impulses transmitted from the oflice is greater than the number of impulses transmitted from the substation, then following the transmission of the last impulse from the substation, the next impulse received from the ofllce will energize the relay 406 over a circuit including the armature 422 and its front contact. As, in the case of the ofiice, following the transmission of the signals from the substation, a time interval is provided between the transmission of the last impulse from the substation and the first impulse to be received from the office, which is long enough to normally permit the relay 405 to drop out and move its armature 433 to engage its back contact. In this case, the time interval is determined by the three slow relays 201, 200 and 209 at the dispatching oflice. Since, however, in the case assumed, the next impulse is received immediately after the last impulse transmitted from the station, relay 405 does not get a chance to drop out and, as a result, relay 406 is energized as described above. As a result of the energization of relay 406, armature 426 disengages the back contact, opening the impulsing circuit to the counting chain relays and preventing further operation of these relays.

In this case aso. the dispatcher, byobserving that no indication is received on his check lamp, will be advised of trouble on the system and will operate the release key to restore the apparatus to normal.

In the event that both the oflice and substation transmit exactly the same number of impulses when they seize the line simultaneously, following the complete transmission of these impulses.

the apparatus at both stations will switch over for receiving signals. Inasmuch, however, as neither station is acting as a transmitter at this time, neither station will receive any signals and, accordingly, the dispatcher will again, after an interval, observe that nothing is happening to complete the operations and will operate the release key.

In all of the above assumed conditions, following the restoration of the apparatus to normal, the supervisory operation at the substation will be enabled to seize the line before the dispatcher can again take control, so that here again the dispatcher has available, before he is permitted to make any control operation, the latest information on the condition of the system, and he is in fact automatically prevented from taking control of the line until he obtains this information. As in the case described hereinbefore, following the operation of the reset key, the slow relay 211 is energized after the reset operations have been completed. The line relays 200 and 400 finally are again energized in series, and the apparatus is in condition for operation. At this time, however, the slow relay 2|! is still energized, preventing the dispatcher from immediately seizing the line, although the energizing circuit for relay 2| 1 is at this time open and relay 2" will shortly thereafter be de-energized and enable the dispatcher to seize the line.

During the interval, however, while relay 2l1 is still energized, .he apparatus at the substation is enabled to seize the line for the transmission of the supervisory signals.

In all supervisory control systems, it is essential, in view of the fact that the remote circuit breakers are not visible'to the dispatcher, that means be provided for preventing the dispatcher from persisting in attempting to close a breaker against a short-circuit, as this may result in damage both to the breaker itself and to the shortcircuited system. In the present case, when the dispatcher transmits a closing operation to the substation, the relay, which controls the circuit to the magnet which closes the breaker, is relay 408. As has been described in detail in the above, as soon as the breaker is closed, the auxiliary switches thereon function immediately to open the circuit for the relay 408 which releases, thereby opening the closing circuit for the breaker. If the circuit breaker should, at the instant it is closed, be tripped out, the system will first complete the sending of the supervisory code and thereafter the signaling line is immediately seized by the supervisory apparatus at the substation for transmitting an indication of this condition to the dispatcher, and as has been explained above, this signal reaches the dispatcher before he is enabled to again seize the line for transmitting further control operations, and he is thus apprised of the fact that the circuit breaker has been tripped.

Although in the circuits described above, a specific illustration of one manner of carrying out my invention is described, it will be obvious that there are other systems in which my invention may be applied.

Although my invention is described in connection with supervisory control, it will be obvious that it has adaptations to other forms of signalling systems, and I do not intend to limit myself to the specific system herein used for illustration except insofar as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a signalling system, a first station a second station, apparatus units at said second station, a relay chain at each of said stations normally in a code receiving condition, a signalling line connecting said stations, means at each station for conditioning the relay chain thereat to transmit impulse codes, means including said relay chains, said relay chain conditioning means at the first station, and said signalling line for selecting one of said units at said second station from said first station, means responsive to the selection and including said signalling line and said same relay chains and the relay chain conditioning means at the second station for indicating said selection at said first station. means including said same signalling line and said first station relay chain and its conditioning means for transmitting a code combination of impulse conditions from said first to said second station, means including said same relay chain at the second station responsive to said code combination of said impulse conditions for operating said selected unit at said second station, means responsive to the operation of the unit and including said samesignalling line and said same relay chain and its conditioning means at said second station for transmitting a code combination of impulse conditions to said first station, and means including said same relay chain at said first station operating in response to said received code for indicating the operation of said selected unit at said second station.

2. In a signalling system, a first station, a second station, a plurality of apparatus units at said second station, a relay chain at each of said stations, 8. signalling line connecting said stations, and means including means for transferring said relay chains from one function to another for using said same relay chain at each station and said same signalling line for selecting by successive operations of the relay chains in synchronism one of said units at said second station for operation, indicating and checking said selection at said first station and operating said selected unit and indicating said operation at said first station,

by means of separate code combinations of imtransferring the relay chains from one function to another whereby said same relay chain at each station and said same signalling line may be used for selecting by means of one code combination of impulse conditions one of said units at said second station for operation, for indicating and checking said selection at said first station by means of another code combination of impulse conditions, for transmitting a code combination of impulse conditions from said first station to said second station for operating said selected unit and for transmitting another code combination of impulse conditions from the second to the first station for indicating the operation of said selecting unit at said first station.

.tions, means at each station for operating the selecting apparatus at both stations in synchronism, apparatus units in each of said selecting 

